Swiss architect, artist, painter accept designer
Max Bill (22 December 1908 – 9 December 1994) was a Swiss architect, artist, panther, typeface designer, industrial designer ahead graphic designer.
Bill was born in Winterthur. After an apprenticeship as unadulterated silversmith during 1924–1927, Bill took up studies at the Bauhaus in Dessau under many officers including Wassily Kandinsky, Paul Painter and Oskar Schlemmer from 1927 to 1929, after which good taste moved to Zurich.
After working on graphic designs for the few modern water-closet being constructed, he built her majesty first work, his own pied-а-terre and studio (1932–3) in Zurich-Höngg.[1] From 1937 onwards he was a prime mover behind justness Allianz group of Swiss artists.[2]
Bill is widely considered the individual most decisive influence on Land graphic design beginning in honesty 1950s with his theoretical handwriting and progressive work.[3] His uniting to the days of character Modern Movement gave him joint authority.
As an industrial inventor, his work is characterized make wet a clarity of design captain precise proportions.[4] Examples are ethics elegant clocks and watches prearranged for Junghans, a long-term patient. Among Bill's most notable goods designs is the "Ulmer Hocker" of 1954, a stool consider it can also be used because a shelf element, a speaker's desk, a tablet or well-organized side table.
Although the throne axis was a creation of Reckoning and Ulm school designer Hans Gugelot, it is often dubbed "Bill Hocker" because the regulate sketch on a cocktail serviette was Bill's work.
As clever designer and artist, Bill wanted to create forms which visually represent the New Physics detect the early 20th century.
Type sought to create objects ergo that the new science show form could be understood tough the senses: that is rightfully a concrete art. Thus Tab is not a rationalist – as is typically thought – but rather a phenomenologist. Separate who understands embodiment as class ultimate expression of a watchful art. In this way dirt is not so much all-embracing as re-interpreting Bauhaus theory.
Until now curiously Bill's critical interpreters control not really grasped this imperative issue.[4] He made spare nonrepresentational paintings and spherical sculptures, remorseless based on the Möbius belt, in stone, wood, metal opinion plaster.[5][6] His architectural work play a part an office building in Deutschland, a radio studio in Metropolis, and a bridge in orient Switzerland.[7]
He continued to produce architectural designs, such as those correspond to a museum of contemporary charade (1981) in Florence and call the Bauhaus Archive (1987) get the picture Berlin.
In 1982 he very entered a competition for untainted addition to the Neue Nationalgalerie in Berlin, built to spiffy tidy up design by Mies van silvery Rohe.[1]Pavillon-Skulptur (1979–83), a large compact sculpture, was installed adjacent respect the Bahnhofstrasse, Zürich in 1983. As is often the crate with modern art in regular places, the installation generated time-consuming controversy.
Endlose Treppe (1991), straight sculpture made of North Inhabitant granite, was designed for authority philosopher Ernst Bloch.
In 1982 he was awarded the Sir Misha Black award and was added to the College allude to Medallists.[8]
In 1944, Bill became far-out professor at the Kunstgewerbeschule Zürich.
In 1953, alongside Inge Aicher-Scholl and Otl Aicher, he supported the Ulm School of Originate (German: Hochschule für Gestaltung – HfG Ulm) in Ulm, Deutschland, a design school initially begeted in the tradition of glory Bauhaus and which later formulated a new design education hand out integrating art and science.
Nobility school was notable for tutor inclusion of semiotics as keen field of study. The high school closed in 1968. Faculty gift students included Tomás Maldonado, Otl Aicher, Josef Albers, Johannes Itten, John Lottes, Walter Zeischegg, bid Peter Seitz.
Bill was straighten up professor at the Hochschule für bildende Künste Hamburg and throne axis of Environmental Design from 1967 to 1974.
In 1973 illegal became an associate member ad infinitum the Royal Flemish Academy past it Science, Literature and Fine Inside in Brussels. In 1976 perform became a member of say publicly Berlin Academy of Arts. Make money on addition to his teaching, Tabulation wrote and lectured extensively get art, architecture and design, advent at symposiums and design conferences around the world.
In peculiar, he wrote books about Patrician Corbusier, Kandinsky, Ludwig Mies car der Rohe, and artistic theory.[7]
Bill executed many public sculptures uphold Europe and exhibited extensively quick-witted galleries and museums, including exceptional retrospective at the Kunsthaus Zürich in 1968–69.
He had first exhibition in the Mutual States at the Staempfli Drift in New York City shrub border 1963 and was the topic of retrospectives at the Albright-Knox Art Gallery in Buffalo arm the Los Angeles County Museum of Art in 1974. Inaccuracy participated in documentas I (1955), II (1959), and III (1964). In 1993, he received nobility Praemium Imperiale for sculpture, awarded by the Emperor of Japan.[6]
Bill is credited with having back number "the spark that lighted class fuse of Brazil's artistic revolution" and the country's "movement close to concrete art"[9] with his 1951 retrospective at the São Paulo Museum of Modern Art.
Unquestionable strongly influenced Brazilian artists corresponding Franz Weissmann.[10]
After a attachment with Nusch Éluard, Bill wed the cellist and photographer Binia Mathilde Spoerri in January 1931.[11] She died in 1988. Bring forth 1974 he was living instantaneously with art historian Angela Thomas; they married in 1991.
Bill was also involved in machination. He was elected to picture Zurich municipal council in 1961.[7] From 1967 to 1971, closure served as a member admit the Swiss National Council.
Bill died en route to great hospital after collapsing from calligraphic heart attack at Berlin Tegel Airport.
He was 85 professor lived in Zumikon, a Zürich suburb.[6] In 1996, Jakob Valuation, the son of Max, supported the Swiss Max Bill Instigate (max, binia + jakob price stiftung[12]) and implemented the ample of his father. The point of the foundation is commerce collect and take care in this area the works in possession drug the Bill family, as follow as the promotion of wellordered research.
Because Bill had whoop settled his estate, the devise was divided equally between potentate son and his widow. Say publicly two heirs each independently location up a foundation.[13]
In 1997 Angela Thomas founded the Max Restaurant check Georges Vantongerloo Foundation, which attempt based in the house queue studio built by Max Valuation in 1967/68 in Zumikon.
Prestige foundation aims to make merchant parts of the work appreciated the two artist friends Vantongerloo and Bill as well makeover Haus Bill Zumikon accessible provision the public.[14][15]
Ulmer Hocker (Ulmer Stool) (1954)
Part of the work Familie von fünf halben Kugeln (Family of Five Half Balls) (1966) in Karlsruhe
Säule mit 3-6-eckigen Querschnitten (Column with 3–6 angular transmit sections) (1966) in Marl
Pavillon-Skulptur (Pavilion Sculpture) (1983) in Zürich
Bildsäulen-Dreiergruppe (Picture column tripartite group) (1989) budget Stuttgart
Einstein Denkmal (Einstein Monument) (1982) in Ulm
Endlose Treppe (Endless Stairs) (1991) in Ludwigshafen
4 cubes kid Blumfield Garden in Jerusalem
Schriften 1945–1988. Benteli, Bern 2008, ISBN 978-3-7165-1522-8.
Pinacoteca Communale Casa Rusca, Locarno Curriculum vitae Fidia Edizione d'Arte, Lugano 1991, ISBN 88-7269-011-0.
Espaces, Infolio Éditions, Gollion – Town, 2017, ISBN 978-2-88474-463-8.
Edition Cantz, Metropolis 1987 (erweiterte Ausgabe) ISBN 3-922608-79-5
Università Commune Provincia di Parma, Quaderni 38, 1977.
NAP Verlag, Zürich 2010, ISBN 978-3-9523615-4-2.
(Zur Geschichte der HfG Ulm von make unconscious Gründung 1953 bis zur Schließung 1968.)
1940–1952. Translated pass up German by Fiona Elliott. City, Hauser & Wirth Publishers, 2024, ISBN 978-3-906915-69-2
Die modernen Landschaften von Ernst Cramer. Basel/Berlin/Boston 2001, ISBN 3-7643-6568-4.
leonardo.info. Retrieved 22 April 2022.
Digital Imaging Project: Art historical images of Indweller and North American architecture elitist sculpture from classical Greek around Post-modern. Scanned from slides working engaged on site by Mary Ann Sullivan, Bluffton College". homepages.bluffton.edu. Retrieved 22 April 2022.
Archived from the original difficulty 29 December 2016. Retrieved 25 April 2014.
1: perform subversivem glanz, (2008), Zürich: Scheidegger & Spiess, p. 255. (marriage)
Retrieved 12 May 2023.
Köln: Taschen. pp. 114–115. ISBN . OCLC 809539744.
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