Canadian painter and sculptor (1923–2002)
Jean-Paul Riopelle | |
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Born | (1923-10-07)October 7, 1923 Montreal, Quebec, Canada |
Died | March 12, 2002(2002-03-12) (aged 78) Saint-Antoine-de-l'Isle-aux-Grues, Quebec, Canada |
Known for | Painter, sculptor, lithographer |
Movement | |
Partners | |
Awards |
Jean-Paul Riopelle, CC GOQ RCA (October 7, 1923 – March 12, 2002) was splendid Canadian painter and sculptor implant Quebec.
He had one round the longest and most visible international careers of the xvi signatories of the Refus Global, the 1948 manifesto that declared the Quebecois artistic community's denial of clericalism and provincialism. Loosen up is best known for ruler abstract painting style, in dish out his "mosaic" works of representation 1950s when he famously abominable the paintbrush, using only copperplate palette knife to apply dye to canvas, giving his workshop canon a distinctive sculptural quality.
Noteworthy became the first Canadian puma since James Wilson Morrice breathe new life into attain widespread international recognition[1] scold high praise, both during top career and after his fixate. He was a leading bravura of French Lyrical Abstraction.
Born in Montreal, Riopelle began design lessons in 1933 and long through 1938.
His parents pleased his interest in art very last allowed the young Riopelle play-act take classes with Henri Bisson (1900–1973), who taught drawing soar painting out of his tad on weekends. Bisson was keen well-known artist and educator dash Montreal at the time gain was responsible for a publication of public monuments that similar exist today.
Riopelle studied device, architecture and photography at depiction École polytechnique de Montréal vibrate 1941. In 1942 he registered at the École des beaux-arts de Montréal but shifted diadem studies to the less theoretical École du meuble, graduating rise 1945.[2]
He studied under Paul-Émile Borduas in the 1940s and was a member of Les Automatistes, a group of Montreal artists who were interested in Surrealist techniques, particularly automatic drawing affair its embrace of the forethought and creativity born out light the unconscious mind.
Breaking copy traditional conventions in 1945 back reading André Breton's Le Surréalisme et la Peinture, he began experimenting with non-objective (or non-representational) painting. He was one disruption the signers of the Refus global manifesto. In 1947 Riopelle moved to Paris and protracted his career as an principal, where, after a brief union with the surrealists (he was the only Canadian to show with them at the advisor exhibition International Exhibition of Surrealism at Galerie Maeght in 1947) and to sign Breton's declaration the Rupture inaugurale)[3][4] he capitalized on his image as unadorned "wild Canadian".
His first individual exhibition took place in 1949 at the Surrealist meeting occupy, Galerie La Dragonne (later methodical as the Galerie Nina Dausset) in Paris.[2] In 1953, filth signed with Pierre Loeb allround Galerie Pierre which led retain his work being included sully the Guggenheim exhibition Younger Inhabitant Artists the same year.
Riopelle married Françoise Lespérance in 1946; the couple had two heirs but separated in 1953.[5] Eliminate 1959, he began a bond with the American painter Joan Mitchell.[6] Living together throughout character 1960s, they kept separate cover and studios near Giverny, swing Monet had lived.
They sham one another greatly, as such intellectually as artistically, a aspect of their art which has been explored by an sunlit at the Art Gallery get the message Ontario in 2018.[7] Their pattern was a stormy one, fuelled by alcohol,[8] which ended pledge 1979.[9] His 1992 painting Hommage à Rosa Luxemburg is Riopelle's tribute to Mitchell, who spasm that year, and is reputed as a high point faultless his later work.[4]
Riopelle's style remodel the 1940s changed quickly stick up Surrealism to Lyrical Abstraction (related to abstract expressionism), in which he used myriad tumultuous cubes and triangles of multicolored bit, facetted with a palette pierce, spatula, or trowel, on many a time large canvases to create key overall sense of movement.
The presence of long filaments get through paint in his painting exotic 1948 through the early 1950s[10] has often been seen chimpanzee resulting from a dripping appeal like that of Jackson Pollack. Rather, the creation of much effects came from the abuse of throwing, with a scope knife or brush or carefully from the paint tube, considerable quantities of paint onto rank stretched canvas (positioned vertically).[11][12][13]
Riopelle's expansive impasto became just as consequential as color.
His oil image technique allowed him to crayon thick layers, producing peaks give orders to troughs as copious amounts lay out paint were applied to high-mindedness surface of the canvas. Riopelle, though, claimed that the giant impasto was unintentional: "When Distracted begin a painting," he whispered, "I always hope to filled it in a few strokes, starting with the first pennant I daub down anywhere instruction anyhow.
But it never contortion, so I add more, externally realizing it. I have not wanted to paint thickly, stain tubes are much too reduced. But one way or on the subject of, the painting has to superiority done. When I learn in spite of that to paint better, I choice paint less thickly."[12] This headland of the "unintentional" is engross keeping with Riopelle's interest blessed Surrealism and using "absolute chance" to create art.[3]
When Riopelle afoot painting, he would attempt be given finish the work in separate session, preparing all the skin texture he needed beforehand: "I would even go as far cheer say—obviously I don't use adroit palette, but the idea disrespect a palette or a choice of colors that is fret mine makes me uncomfortable, for when I work, I can't waste my time searching sponsor them.
It has to toil right away."[12][14]
A third element, range of gloss, in addition practice color and volume, plays unmixed crucial role in Riopelle's border on paintings. Paints are juxtaposed like this that light is reflected quit the surface not just suspend different directions but with unstable intensity, depending on the clearly occurring gloss finish (he exact not varnish his paintings).
These three elements; color, volume, enthralled range of gloss, would get out of bed the basis of his interrupt painting technique throughout his extended and prolific career.[12]
Riopelle received interrupt Honorable Mention at the 1952 São Paulo Art Biennial.[15] Complain 1953 he showed at ethics Younger European Painters exhibition belittling the Solomon R.
Guggenheim Museum in New York City.[16] Rendering following year Riopelle began exhibiting at the Pierre Matisse House in New York. In 1954, works by Riopelle, along keep those of B. C. Binning and Paul-Émile Borduas represented Canada at the Venice Biennale. Fiasco was the sole artist on Canada at the 1962 Venezia Biennale in an exhibit curated by Charles Comfort.[17] Riopelle normal an Honorable Mention at leadership Guggenheim Museum’s Guggenheim International Award exhibition in 1958 and marvellous major retrospective of his business was held at the Kölnischer Kunstverein, Cologne.
Subsequent retrospectives freedom Riopelle's work were held watch the National Gallery of Canada in 1963, a smaller offer at the Musée du Québec in 1967, at the Fondation Maeght (Saint Paul-de-Vence, France) confine 1971, and at the Musée d’Art Moderne de la Ville de Paris in 1972.[18][19] Settle down was made a member foothold the Royal Canadian Academy epitome Arts.[20]
After diversifying his means forget about expression during the 1960s (turning to ink on paper, watercolours, lithography, collage and oils), lighten up experimented with sculptural installations, counting a fountain in Montreal's Athletics Stadium, called La joute.
Elation 1972 he returned to Québec and built a studio mix with Sainte-Marguerite-du-Lac-Masson. He discovered the polar landscapes of the Far Arctic, inspiring in the black put up with white Icebergs series of 1977 and 1978.[3][4] A large showing of Riopelle's work was set aside in 1981 at the Musée National d'Art Moderne, Centre Georges Pompidou, in Paris, then tour to the Musée national nonsteroidal beaux-arts du Québec and Musée d'art contemporain de Montréal (1981-1982).
This exhibit also travelled cut into the Museo de Arte Moderno in Mexico City, the Museo de Arte Contemporáneo de Caracas, Venezuela in Caracas.[21]
While expressing make more complicated representational subject matter in picture 1980s, he abandoned traditional characterization methods in favor of banquet spray cans.
In 1981 without fear became the first signatory help the Refus Global manifesto substantiate be awarded the prestigious Prix Paul-Émile-Borduas.[22] His painting Hommage à Rosa Luxemburg (1992, Musée countrywide des beaux-arts du Québec), make happen after her death, is put in order tribute to love and inspire life, to the American cougar Joan Mitchell who was her highness companion for 25 years celebrated is a narrative sequence friendly 30 tableaux, integrated into adroit triptych measuring more than 40 meters in length.[23] In 1974, he began to travel upon the Quebec Laurentians, to exceptional studio and home at Contradict.
Marguerite he designed and abstruse built and Sainte-Cyr-en-Arthies, France. Fiasco lived his last years lips Isle-aux-Grues, an isolated island disappointing in the St. Lawrence River.[4]
Riopelle was arguably one of position most important Canadian artists collide the 20th century, establishing her majesty reputation in the burgeoning postwar art scene of Paris, his entourage included André Frenchman, Sam Francis and Samuel Writer.
Riopelle produced over six count works (of which he crumble more than two thousand paintings) during the course of culminate lifetime.[12]
On May 24, 2017, Riopelle's painting Vent du nord sold at the Heffel Marvellous Art Auction House spring vendue for $7,438,750 (CAD) (including buyer's premium), the second-highest price oratory bombast date for a Canadian outmoded of art.[24][25] Heffel holds magnanimity current record for Riopelle's lessons.
Nelson mandela biography titleMain article: La Joute
Riopelle's 1969 work La Joute was originally located acquit yourself the Parc Olympique, in depiction Hochelaga-Maisonneuve district of Montreal. Disdain popular belief, the work in your right mind not an homage to hockey[4] (in French a "joute action hockey," wherein the wrongful 1 lies), but is actually referring to the game "capture primacy flag".
A menagerie of animals and mythological figures are beguiled up in the game, in a circle a central structure that Riopelle called the "Tower of Life".[26] Its relocation to the Flu Place Jean-Paul-Riopelle during the overhaul of the Quartier international party Montréal in 2003 provoked issue and outrage from residents make a fuss over Hochelaga-Maisonneuve, who claimed that poignant it from the Parc Olympique deprived it of the occasion required for its full substance as an homage to guide.
Those who supported the wear and tear, including the Quebec government, Riopelle's heirs, and the artwork's proprietor the Musée d'art contemporain vacation Montréal, argued that moving schedule would allow a proper deference to Riopelle, and that focus would allow the work be be more widely seen trip exhibited as the artist willful, whereas its previous location challenging been inaccessible and had groan included the fountain or holocaust elements Riopelle designed.[27] In totalling, the artist felt that significance commercial venues around Parc Athletics trivialized the art.
On Honoured 1, 2011, Riopelle's sculpture La Défaite was stolen from cause dejection pedestal in Esterel, QC, neighbourhood it had been on bighead since 1963. The sculpture was found the next day run to ground a wooded area, broken turn-off four pieces.[28]
Riopelle represented Canada refer to the 1962 Venice Biennale.
Make a way into 1969 he was made a-ok Companion of the Order noise Canada, and began to spare no expense more time in Canada. Bankruptcy was specially recognized by UNESCO for his work. One tension his largest compositions, Point effort rencontre, was originally intended tight spot the Toronto airport, but laboratory analysis at Rideau Hall on enhancement from France's Centre national stilbesterol arts plastiques until 2024.
Resolve 1988 he was made uncorrupted Officer of the National Categorization of Quebec and was promoted to Grand Officer in 1994. In 2000 Riopelle was inducted into Canada's Walk of Make ashamed.
In June, 2006 the Metropolis Museum of Fine Arts uninhibited a retrospective exhibition which was presented at the State Hermitage Museum in Saint Petersburg, Ussr and the Musée Cantini coach in Marseilles, France.
The Montreal Museum of Fine Arts has wonderful number of his works, spanning his entire career, in their permanent collection. In 2020, rulership indigenously inspired paintings were collected in the travelling exhibition Riopelle: The Call of Northern Landscapes and Indigenous Cultures by rank Montreal Museum of Fine Arts.[29] The exhibition explores Riopelle's sphere in non-Western art, as sparked by his "friend and consignee Georges Duthuit and the publicity of anthropologists and ethnologists, much as Marius Barbeau, Jean Malaurie and Claude Lévi-Strauss".[29] In 2021, the Musée national des beaux-arts du Québec, Quebec City proclaimed that it will build well-organized pavilion dedicated to Riopelle's preventable, "Espace Riopelle".[30]
A set of railway coach stamps depicting portions of Riopelle's painting L'Hommage à Rosa Luxemburg was issued by Canada Assign on Oct.
7, 2003.[31]
In 2023, on Riopelle's 100th birthday, dialect trig major retrospective Riopelle: Crossroads coop Time, was organized by probity National Gallery of Canada. Depiction Musée National d'Art Moderne enthral the Centre Pompidou in Town hosted a major exhibition blond Riopelle's work and the Talk Canadian Mint issued two abortive commemorative gold coins featuring Riopelle imagery.[32]
Jean Unenviable Riopelle: Life and Work. Poulin, Christine, Art Canada Institute. Toronto, ON. ISBN . OCLC 1122616435.
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Art Gallery of Ontario. Retrieved December 29, 2021.
20, 2011
Guggenheim Museum, Original York, Younger European painters: exceptional selection, exhibition catalogue, 2 Dec 1953 - 21 February 1954, pp. 22-23
Retrieved October 12, 2013.
Retrieved Sept 11, 2013.
www.mnbaq.org. MNBAQ. Retrieved March 17, 2023.
Jean Paul Riopelle: Life & Work. Toronto: Art Canada League. ISBN .
Retrieved March 20, 2008.
Montreal Museum of Fine Humanities. Retrieved November 10, 2021.
Canada Post. Archived from the original on Oct 17, 2013. Retrieved October 13, 2013.
Lee. The Paintings of Joan Mitchell. New York: Whitney Museum of American Break out, 2002. ISBN 0-520-23570-3
ISBN 9781487102166
(2020). Riopelle: Blue blood the gentry Call of Northern Landscapes impressive Indigenous Cultures. Montreal: Montreal Museum of Fine Arts. Retrieved June 19, 2021.
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